Zilog Z80 instruction set

The Zilog Z80 instruction set is a simple set of instructions. There are several extensions which provides an extended set of instructions, some of which are only available on the Z180 and newer or may be undocumented instructions introduced by other manufacturers than Zilog.

OpCode Tables

Z80 base instruction table

	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
0	nop	ld bc,nn	ld (bc),a	inc bc	inc b	dec b	ld b,n	rlca	ex af,af'	add hl,bc	ld a,(bc)	dec bc	inc c	dec c	ld c,n	rrca
1	djnz d	ld de,nn	ld (de),a	inc de	inc d	dec d	ld d,n	rla	jr d	add hl,de	ld a,(de)	dec de	inc e	dec e	ld e,n	rra
2	jr nz,d	ld hl,nn	ld (nn),hl	inc hl	inc h	dec h	ld h,n	daa	jr z,d	add hl,hl	ld hl,(nn)	dec hl	inc l	dec l	ld l,n	cpl
3	jr nc,d	ld sp,nn	ld (nn),a	inc sp	inc (hl)	dec (hl)	ld (hl),n	scf	jr c,d	add hl,sp	ld a,(nn)	dec sp	inc a	dec a	ld a,n	ccf
4	ld b,b	ld b,c	ld b,d	ld b,e	ld b,h	ld b,l	ld b,(hl)	ld b,a	ld c,b	ld c,c	ld c,d	ld c,e	ld c,h	ld c,l	ld c,(hl)	ld c,a
5	ld d,b	ld d,c	ld d,d	ld d,e	ld d,h	ld d,l	ld d,(hl)	ld d,a	ld e,b	ld e,c	ld e,d	ld e,e	ld e,h	ld e,l	ld e,(hl)	ld e,a
6	ld h,b	ld h,c	ld h,d	ld h,e	ld h,h	ld h,l	ld h,(hl)	ld h,a	ld l,b	ld l,c	ld l,d	ld l,e	ld l,h	ld l,l	ld l,(hl)	ld l,a
7	ld (hl),b	ld (hl),c	ld (hl),d	ld (hl),e	ld (hl),h	ld (hl),l	halt	ld (hl),a	ld a,b	ld a,c	ld a,d	ld a,e	ld a,h	ld a,l	ld a,(hl)	ld a,a
8	add a,b	add a,c	add a,d	add a,e	add a,h	add a,l	add a,(hl)	add a,a	adc a,b	adc a,c	adc a,d	adc a,e	adc a,h	adc a,l	adc a,(hl)	adc a,a
9	sub b	sub c	sub d	sub e	sub h	sub l	sub (hl)	sub a	sbc a,b	sbc a,c	sbc a,d	sbc a,e	sbc a,h	sbc a,l	sbc a,(hl)	sbc a,a
A	and b	and c	and d	and e	and h	and l	and (hl)	and a	xor b	xor c	xor d	xor e	xor h	xor l	xor (hl)	xor a
B	or b	or c	or d	or e	or h	or l	or (hl)	or a	cp b	cp c	cp d	cp e	cp h	cp l	cp (hl)	cp a
C	ret nz	pop bc	jp nz,nn	jp nn	call nz,nn	push bc	add a,n	rst 00h	ret z	ret	jp z,nn	Bit Ext.	call z,nn	call nn	adc a,n	rst 08h
D	ret nc	pop de	jp nc,nn	out (n),a	call nc,nn	push de	sub n	rst 10h	ret c	exx	jp c,nn	in a,(n)	call c,nn	IX Ext.	sbc a,n	rst 18h
E	ret po	pop hl	jp po,nn	ex (sp),hl	call po,nn	push hl	and n	rst 20h	ret pe	jp (hl)	jp pe,nn	ex de,hl	call pe,nn	Misc.	xor n	rst 28h
F	ret p	pop af	jp p,nn	di	call p,nn	push af	or n	rst 30h	ret m	ld sp,hl	jp m,nn	ei	call m,nn	IY Ext.	cp n	rst 38h

Instruction Details

Instruction notations

Notation Description r Identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L (HL) Identifies the contents of the memory location, whose address is specified by the contents of the register pair HL. (IX+d) Identifies the contents of the memory location, whose address is specified by the contents of the Index Register IX plus the signed displacement d. (IY+d) Identifies the contents of the memory location, whose address is specified by the contents of the Index Register IY plus the signed displacement d. n Identifies a one-byte unsigned integer (0 to 255). nn Identifies a two-byte unsigned integer (0 to 65535). d Identifies a one-byte signed integer (-128 to 127). b Identifies a one-bit expression in the range 0 to 7. The most-significant bit position (left-most) is bit 7, and the least-significant bit position (right-most) is bit 0. e Identifies a one-byte signed integer (-126 to 129) for relative jump offset from the current address. cc Identifies the status register flag as any of NZ, Z, NC, C, PO, PE, P or M, for conditional jumps, calls and return instructions. qq Identifies any of the register pairs BC, DE, HL or AF. ss Identifies any of the register pairs BC, DE, HL or the stack pointer SP. pp Identifies any of the register pairs BC, DE, the Index Register IX or the Stack Pointer (SP). rr Identifies any of the register pairs BC, DE, the Index Register IY or the Stack Pointer (SP). s Identifies any of r, n, (HL), (IX+d), (IY+d). m Identifies any of r, (HL), (IX+d), (IY+d).

8-bit Load and Exchange Instructions

LD r, r'

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0	1	← r →			← r' →

The contents of any register r' is loaded to any other register r. r, r' identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 1, T States: 4

LD r, n

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0	0	← r →			1	1	0
← n →

The 8-bit integer n is loaded in to any register r, in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 2, T States: 7 (4, 3)

LD r, (HL)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0	1	← r →			1	1	0

The 8-bit contents of the memory location HL is loaded in to register r, in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 2, T States: 7 (4, 3)

LD r, (IX+d)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	1	← r →			1	1	0
← d →

The (IX+d) operand (ie: the contents of Index Register IX summed with the two's complement displacement integer d) is loaded in to register r, in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 5, T States: 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3)

LD r, (IY+d)

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	1	← r →			1	1	0
← d →

The (IY+d) operand (ie: the contents of Index Register IY summed with the two's complement displacement integer d) is loaded in to register r, in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 5, T States: 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3)

LD (HL), r

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
0	1	1	1	0	← r →

The contents of the register r is loaded in to the memory location HL, in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 2, T States: 7 (4, 3)

LD (IX+d), r

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
1	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	DD
0	1	1	1	0	← r →
← d →

The contents of register r is loaded to the memory address specified by (IX+d) operand (ie: the contents of Index Register IX summed with the two's complement displacement integer d), in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 5, T States: 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3)

LD (IY+d), r

7	6	5	4	3	2	1	0
1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	FD
0	1	1	1	0	← r →
← d →

The contents of register r is loaded to the memory address specified by (IY+d) operand (ie: the contents of Index Register IY summed with the two's complement displacement integer d), in which r identifies any of the registers A, B, C, D, E, H or L, as follows:

A	B	C	D	E	H	L
111	000	001	010	011	100	101

Flags affected

None.

Timings

M Cycles: 5, T States: 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3)